Tangkuban Perahu Stratovolcano

Tangkuban Perahu (spelt Tangkuban Parahu in the local Sundanese dialect) is a dormant volcano 30 km north of the city of Bandung, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia. It last erupted in 1826, 1829, 1842, 1846, 1896, 1910, 1926, 1929, 1952, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1983. 

It is a popular tourist attraction where tourists can hike or ride to the edge of the crater to view the hot water springs and boiling mud up close, and buy eggs cooked on the hot surface. 

This stratovolcano is on the island of Java and last erupted in 1983. Together with Mount Burangrang and Bukit Tunggul, those are remnants of the ancient Mount Sunda after the plinian eruption caused the Caldera to collapse.

In April 2005 the Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation raised an alert, forbidding visitors from going up the volcano. "Sensors on the slopes of the two mountains - Anak Krakatoa on the southern tip of Sumatra Island and Tangkuban Perahu in Java - picked up an increase in volcanic activity and a build up of gases.

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.indonesia.travel

Kopi Luwak

Sumatran kopi luwak farmer holds civet feces with embedded coffee beans. Sumatra, Indonesia

Kopi luwak or civet coffee, refers to the beans of coffee berries once they have been eaten and excreted by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). The name is also used for marketing brewed coffee made from the beans.

Producers of the coffee beans argue that the process may improve coffee through two mechanisms, selection and digestion. Selection occurs if the civets choose to eat coffee berries containing better beans. Digestive mechanisms may improve the flavor profile of the coffee beans that have been eaten. The civet eats the berries for the beans' fleshy pulp, then in the digestive tract, fermentation occurs. The civet's proteolytic enzymes seep into the beans, making shorter peptides and more free amino acids. Passing through a civet's intestines the beans are then defecated with other fecal matter and collected.

The traditional method of collecting feces from wild civets has given way to intensive farming methods in which civets in battery cage systems are force fed the coffee beans. This method of production has raised ethical concerns about the treatment of civets due to "horrific conditions" including isolation, poor diet, small cages and a high mortality rate.

Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called the most expensive coffee in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US$700 per kilogram. The price paid to collectors in the Philippines is closer to US$20 per kilogram. The price of farmed (considered low-grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US$100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee). 

Genuine kopi luwak from wild civets is difficult to purchase in Indonesia and proving it is not fake is very difficult - there is little enforcement regarding use of the name "kopi luwak", and there's even a local cheap coffee brand named "Luwak", which costs under $3 per kilogram but is occasionally sold online under the guise of real kopi luwak.


History

The origin of kopi luwak is closely connected with the history of coffee production in Indonesia. In the early 18th century the Dutch established the cash-crop coffee plantations in their colony in the Dutch East Indies islands of Java and Sumatra, including Arabica coffee introduced from Yemen. During the era of Cultuurstelsel (1830—1870), the Dutch prohibited the native farmers and plantation workers from picking coffee fruits for their own use. Still, the native farmers wanted to have a taste of the famed coffee beverage. Soon, the natives learned that certain species of musang or luwak (Asian Palm Civet) consumed the coffee fruits, yet they left the coffee seeds undigested in their droppings. The natives collected these luwaks' coffee seed droppings, then cleaned, roasted and ground them to make their own coffee beverage.[11] The fame of aromatic civet coffee spread from locals to Dutch plantation owners and soon became their favorite, yet because of its rarity and unusual process, the civet coffee was expensive even in colonial times.[citation needed]

Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org

What are the Most Known Making Indonesia the World?

From these maps revealed that Indonesia became number one because of geological factors, specifically about volcanoes.

It makes sense. Because, Indonesia is known worldwide because of the eruption of the mountain fire.

Noted, Indonesia about 75,000 years ago, Mount Toba, located in what is now Sumatra, erupted. The eruption is suspected to wipe out many species of animals.

Another eruption of Tambora in Sumbawa in 1815. The explosion was heard up to Sumatra and ashes make the Europe and North America was experiencing summer.

Another large eruption of Krakatoa in 1883. By the eruption of Krakatoa, the world was dark for two and a half days.

Recently, allegedly Samalas Mountain West Nusa Tenggara is also responsible for the mysterious eruption in 1257. Samalas larger eruption of Tambora eruption.

Until now, many mountains in Indonesia that is still active. Call it Merapi and Anak Krakatau.

Raja Ampat Islands

Located off the northwest tip of Bird's Head Peninsula on the island of New Guinea, in Indonesia's West Papua province, Raja Ampat, or the Four Kings, is an archipelago comprising over 1,500 small islands, cays, and shoals surrounding the four main islands of Misool, Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeo, and the smaller island of Kofiau.

Raja Ampat Regency is a new regency which separated from Sorong Regency in 2004.[1] It encompasses more than 40,000 km² of land and sea, which also contains Cenderawasih Bay, the largest marine national park in Indonesia. 

It is a part of the newly named West Papua (province) of Indonesia which was formerly Irian Jaya. Some of the islands are the most northern pieces of land in the Australian continent.

Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org

Wae Rebo

VILLAGE in Mount Pocoroko Wae Rebo, Manggarai, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara blessed Award of Excellence from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or UNESCO Asia-Pacific region.

Wae Rebo village located about 1,100 meters above sea level, in Satarlenda Village area, District Satarmese West Manggarai, NTT.

Wae Rebo "discovered" the first time in 1997 by a Dutch anthropologist, Catherine Allerton. Wae Rebo Allerton looking for a study.

Home building process documented so the ability citizens to build a house called mbaru niang. Conservation efforts that led UNESCO Award of Excellence and Wae Rebo catapulted into the world.

To get into Wae Rebo, trips must be taken by walking for 4.5 hours. Wae Rebo distance is approximately 9 kilometers from the last village in Denge through the path, climb a 45 degree angle in the dense forest.

Wae Rebo village circular shaped, well rounded shape house with a conical roof. The main traditional house called the drum, with a diameter of 15 meters height the same, occupied 8 family. Another home, called niang Gena, 12 meters in diameter with approximately the same height, inhabited 6 family. The house was passed down by ancestors Wae Rebo named Maro mentioned came from Minangkabau.

Wae Rebo village center point is in the stone circle in front of the main house called rags. Doors each custom built home overlooking the rags. Compang a hub of activity for residents closer to nature, ancestors, and God.

Sumber :
http://travel.kompas.com
wikipedia.com

Prambanan

Prambanan is the masterpiece of Hindu culture of the tenth century. The slim building soaring up to 47 meters makes its beautiful architecture incomparable.

Built in the 10th century, this is the largest temple compound dedicated to Shiva in Indonesia. Rising above the centre of the last of these concentric squares are three temples decorated with reliefs illustrating the epic of the Ramayana, dedicated to the three great Hindu divinities (Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma) and three temples dedicated to 
the animals who serve them.

The temple compound, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia, and one of the biggest in Southeast Asia. It is characterized by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the towering 47-metre-high (154 ft) central building inside a large complex of individual temples. Prambanan attracts many visitors from across the world.

Source :
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://whc.unesco.org
http://www.yogyes.com

Bromo

Mount Bromo (Indonesian: Gunung Bromo), is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif, in East Java, Indonesia. At 2,329 metres (7,641 ft) it is not the highest peak of the massif, but is the most well known. The massif area is one of the most visited tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. The volcano belongs to the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma, the Hindu creator god.

Mount Bromo sits in the middle of a vast plain called the "Sea of Sand" (Javanese: Segara Wedi or Indonesian: Lautan Pasir), a protected nature reserve since 1919. The typical way to visit Mount Bromo is from the nearby mountain village of Cemoro Lawang. 



From there it is possible to walk to the volcano in about 45 minutes, but it is also possible to take an organised jeep tour, which includes a stop at the viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan (2,770 m or 9,088 ft) (Indonesian: Gunung Penanjakan). The best views from Mount Bromo to the Sand Sea below and the surrounding volcanoes are at sunrise. The viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan can also be reached on foot in about two hours. From inside the caldera, sulfur is collected by workers.

Depending on the degree of volcanic activity, the Indonesian Centre for Vulcanology and Disaster Hazard Mitigation sometimes issues warnings against visiting Mount Bromo. The list of outstanding warnings may be consulted at the Indonesian-language website of the Centre.

Jaranan

Jaranan is one of the thousands of art which is owned by Indonesia. Jaranan contains elements of mystical arts are very strong, often the players possessed and doing things out of the ordinary. 

Her catwalk dancers also make the audience stunned, cohesion in the movement is accompanied with Javanese gamelan music made ​​the audience seemed reluctant to move from his seat. Location: Village Sumberjo, Blitar, East Java

The Lakes of Mount Kelimutu

Kelimutu is a volcano, close to the small town of Moni about 50 km to the east of Ende, Indonesia in central Flores Island of Indonesia.  The volcano contains three striking summit crater lakes of varying colors.

Tiwu Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People) is usually blue and is the westernmost of the three lakes. The other two lakes, Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Young Men and Maidens) and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanted Lake) are separated by a shared crater wall and are typically green or red respectively.

 The lake colors vary on a periodic basis. Subaqueous fumaroles are the probable cause of active upwelling that occurs at the two eastern lakes.  The lakes have been a source of minor phreatic eruptions in historical time. 

The summit of the compound 1639-m-high Kelimutu volcano is elongated two km in a WNW-ESE direction; the older cones of Kelido and Kelibara are located respectively three km to the north and two km to the south. The scenic lakes are a popular tourist destination.  Kelimutu is also of interest to geologists because the three lakes are different colors yet are at the crest of the same volcano.

According to the local officer at Kelimutu National Park, the colour changes as a result of chemical reactions resulting from the minerals contained in the lake perhaps triggered by volcano gas activity. Kawah Putih lake in West Java, south of Bandung, is another crater lake in Indonesia with some similarities to the lakes at Kelimutu.

Name of Indonesia

In JIAEA 1850 Volume IV, pages 66-74, George Samuel Windsor Earl (1813-1865) wrote an article "On the Leading Characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian Nations." In his article confirms that Earl has come for the people of the Malay Archipelago Indian Archipelago or to have distinctive name, a distinctive name, because the name is not appropriate Indies and often confused with the mention of another Indian. Earl filed two option names, “Indu-Nesians” or Malayunesia, nesos, in Greek means the Island. Article on page 71 it says, "... the inhabitants of the Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago would Indunesians or Malayunesians Become respectively."

In Volume IV JIAEA it also, pages 252-347, James Richardson Logan (1819-1869) wrote an article The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago, In early writings, Logan also expressed the need for the typical name for these islands, because the term "Indian Archipelago" is too long and confusing. Logan picked up the discarded Indunesia name Earl, and the replacement letters of u with the letter o so his words better. Thus was born the term Indonesia.

Indonesia for the first time the word appears in the world with 254 pages printed on the paper Logan, "Mr. Earl Suggests Indunesian the Ethnographical term, but rejects it in favor of Malayunesian. I prefer the purely geographical term Indonesia, roomates is merely a shorter Synonym for the Indian Islands or the Indian Archipelago. "When Indonesia proposed the name Logan does not seem to realize that in the future it will be the name of the name of the nation and the country's fourth-largest population rank on earth!

Since then Logan has consistently used the name "Indonesia" in his scientific writings, and the use of this term is slowly spreading among scientists fields of ethnology and geography. In 1884 a professor of ethnology at the University of Berlin named Adolf Bastian (1826-1905) published a book Rodel oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipel five volumes, containing the results of his research when it wandered into our country in 1864 until 1880. Bastian is a book that popularized the term "Indonesia" in the Dutch scholar, so that could arise contention that the term "Indonesia" was created by Bastian. Opinion is not true that, among others in the Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch-Indie 1918.

Indonesia people who initially used the term "Indonesia" is Suwardi Suryaningrat or Ki Hajar Dewantara. When in the exhaust to the Netherlands in 1913 he established a press bureau under the name Indonesische Pers-bureau.

Pulau Merah

Banyuwangi International Surfing Event Introduces Pulau Merah  

A hundred and twenty five participants from twenty countries joined Banyuwangi International Surfing Competition held by the regional government of Banyuwangi, East Java on Friday, May 24.

The competition was initiated by the head of Sub Disctrict, Abdullah Azwar by releasing hatchlings at Pulau Merah beach and was opened by the Minister of Youths and Sports, Roy Suryo at 1 p.m. yesterday.

Hundreds of students and local residents gathered at the beach to watch the release at 07.30 a.m. After releasing the hatchlings, the surfers started to try out the waves of Pulau Merah, located about eighty kilometer south of Banyuwangi.

The foreign participants are from Japan, New Zealand, USA, Australia and other European countries. "The international event is to introduce Pulau Merah as a tourist destination in Banyuwangi," Abdullah Azwar said.

en.tempo.co

Toba Lake

Coordinates 2.6845°N 98.8756°ECoordinates: 2.6845°N 98.8756°E
Type Volcanic/ tectonic
Primary outflows Asahan River
Max. length 100 km (62 mi)
Max. width 30 km (19 mi)
Surface area 1,130 km2 (440 sq mi)
Max. depth 505 m (1,657 ft)[1]
Water volume 240 km3 (58 cu mi)
Surface elevation 905 m (2,969 ft)
Islands Samosir

Lake Toba (Indonesian: Danau Toba) is a lake and supervolcano. The lake is 100 kilometres long, 30 kilometres wide, and up to 505 metres (1,666 ft) deep. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 metres (2,953 ft), the lake stretches from 2.88°N 98.52°E to 2.35°N 99.1°E. It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world.

Lake Toba is the site of a massive supervolcanic eruption estimated at VEI 8 that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago, representing a climate-changing event. It is the largest known explosive eruption on Earth in the last 25 million years. 

According to the Toba catastrophe theory, it had global consequences for human populations: it killed most humans living at that time and is believed to have created a population bottleneck in central east Africa and India, which affects the genetic make up of the human world-wide population to the present. 

This hypothesis is not widely accepted because evidence is lacking for a decline or extinction of other animals, including species that are sensitive to changes in the environment.[6] It has been accepted that the eruption of Toba led to a volcanic winter with a worldwide decrease in temperature between 3 to 5 °C (5 to 9 °F), and up to 15 °C (27 °F) in higher latitudes.

Bali

Bali is a province of Indonesia. The province covers a few small neighbouring islands as well as the isle of Bali. The main island is located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 34 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island.

With a population recorded as 3,891,428 in the 2010 census, and currently 4.22 million, the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. In the 2000 census about 92.29% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism while most of the remainder follow Islam. 

It is also the largest tourist destination in the country and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. A tourist haven for decades, Bali has seen a further surge in tourist numbers in recent years.

Source : wikipedia.org